An Associated Press investigation into sexual misconduct by law enforcement officers in the U.S. identified some 1,000 in six years who lost their licenses for sexual assault or other sex offenses or misconduct, including possession of child pornography, voyeurism and sex on duty. The findings are based on an analysis of state records for an administrative process called decertification, but the AP found that policies regarding decertification vary widely from state to state.

Forty-one states provided information, three did not, and six states and the District of Columbia said they did not decertify officers for misconduct. In determining whether a decertification was sex-related, the AP relied mostly on the reason a state provided, but cause was not always clear. Some states gave no reason for a revoked license, or used terms such as “conduct unbecoming an officer” or “voluntary surrender” for officers the AP determined, through additional reporting, had committed sex-related crimes or misconduct.

In Iowa, the Iowa Law Enforcement Academy decertified 53 officers, seven for sex-related misconduct. Agencies must notify the state when an officer resigns and explain why if there is a “substantial likelihood” that certification could be revoked or suspended as a result. Noncriminal misconduct, in addition to convictions, can prompt decertification.